Knowing what is normal for your breasts helps you spot changes early. Here is what to look and feel for, normal cycle changes, and the screening guidance for women in Canada.
The short answer
Breast self-awareness means knowing how your breasts usually look and feel so you notice changes. Most lumps and changes are not cancer, but any new lump, skin change, nipple change or discharge should be checked by a doctor. In BC, women aged 40 to 74 can book a screening mammogram themselves.
Changes to look and feel for
- A new lump or thickening in the breast or armpit
- A change in size or shape
- Dimpling, puckering, redness or thickening of the skin, sometimes like orange peel
- A nipple that turns inward, or a rash, crusting or scaling on the nipple
- Nipple discharge, especially if bloody or from one breast only
- Pain in one area that does not go away
Normal changes through your cycle
Many women have lumpier, swollen or tender breasts in the week or two before a period, which settles afterwards. Checking at the same point in your cycle, about a week after your period starts, makes changes easier to judge. Breasts also change in pregnancy, breastfeeding and after menopause.
The short version
A simple monthly look and feel
- Look in a mirror with your arms by your sides, then raised, for changes in shape, skin or nipples.
- Lying down or in the shower, use the flat pads of three fingers to feel the whole breast in small circles, from collarbone to bra line and from armpit to breastbone.
- Use light, medium and firm pressure.
- Check your armpits too.
Screening in Canada
Breast cancer screening guidance has moved earlier. In BC, women aged 40 to 74 at average risk can self-refer for a screening mammogram through BC Cancer, usually every two years. If you have dense breasts, a strong family history or a known gene change such as BRCA, talk to your doctor about earlier or extra screening. Screening rules differ by province, so check your local program.
When to see a doctor
Book promptly for any new lump or change that lasts beyond your next period, and sooner for skin changes, a nipple turning in, bloody discharge or a lump in the armpit. Don’t wait for a screening appointment if you notice a change.
Frequently asked questions
How often should I check my breasts?
There is no strict schedule. Get to know what is normal for you and check about once a month, a week after your period starts.
Are breast lumps usually cancer?
No. Most lumps are cysts or fibroadenomas, but any new lump should be checked by a doctor.
At what age can I get a mammogram in BC?
Women aged 40 to 74 at average risk can book a screening mammogram themselves through BC Cancer.
Is breast pain a sign of cancer?
Breast pain is rarely a sign of cancer and is often linked to the cycle, but pain in one spot that does not go away should be checked.